The Structure of DNA

desoxyribonucleic acid, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and nearlyall an different(prenominal) organisms. to the highest degree e actually cell in a psyche?s body has the same desoxyribonucleic acid. Most DNAis located in the cell nucleus (it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNAcan also be found in the mitochondria (U.S. air Library of Medicine, 2009). ADNA molecule consists of two chains of nucleotides (polymers of nucleic acid individuallycomposed of a phosphate, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-bearing base) that magic spell to classthe double helix shape. The nucleotides that forms the DNA social organisation argon organize sotheir sugar-phosphate components submit the outside and form the backbone of the anatomical structure, whereas the nitrogenous bases face inward. These bases are not all the same,there are quaternity types in DNA: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. When the twochains of DNA come togethe r to form a helix the bases of one drawstring wed with the basesof the other with Adenines only bonding with Thymines and Guanine only attach withCytosines. DNA molecules are basically long strands of nucleotides. Groups ofnucleotides are called genes. Therefore, each DNA molecule consists of hundreds orthousands of genes, each occupying a different scratch of the strand and genes aregrouped into chromosomes (Miko, 2008). Humans have 46 chromosomes, or otherwords 23 pairs of chromosomes. By the 1940s scientists knew that chromosomes carry the hereditary material. They knew that chromosomes contained nucleic acids DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) andprotein. They knew that proteins were interlinking macromolecules that were very variableand functionally specific whereas DNA appeared to be a some(prenominal) simpler molecule aboutwhich little was known, but people figured it wasn?t variable enough to be responsible forinheritance. Therefore, in 1940 intimately all scientists th ought that proteins must beresponsible for i! nheritance (Strachan, 1999). James D. Watson and Francis Crickdetermined the structure of DNA in 1953, using the X-ray... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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